Saturday, November 27, 2010

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mouth

www.airc.it / tumor
What is cancer of the mouth
The oral cavity includes the front two thirds of tongue, the gums , the inner surface of the cheeks and delle labbra , la  parte inferiore  della  bocca sotto la lingua (il  pavimento orale) , la parte superiore ossea della bocca (il palato duro ) e la zona oltre i denti del giudizio (il  trigono retro molare ).

La presenza sulle mucose del cavo orale di una tumefazione persistente, di una macchia bianco rossastra che non si risolve, ovvero di una ferita che non si rimargina sono possibili segnali di allarme  perché potrebbero essere la manifestazione di una lesione pre tumorale o  tumorale del cavo orale.


How widespread
Worldwide, cancers of the oral cavity with those of the larynx and pharynx account for 10 per cent of all malignancies in men and 4 percent in women.
In Italy each year are diagnosed in about 4,500 cases of cancer of the mouth and there are about 3,000 deaths. This is because this type of cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when the tumor has already expanded to the point of mutilating and often require extensive work with little result.
Diffusione in Italia del tumore alla bocca
The tumore del labbro è più comune negli uomini, e si sviluppa soprattutto in persone dalla  pelle chiara che trascorrono molto tempo al sole (per esempio i muratori, gli agricoltori o i pescatori). I tumori del labbro rappresentano l’11 per cento circa dei nuovi casi, ma sono responsabili solo dell’1 per cento dei decessi totali.

La  lingua  è la sede più frequente coinvolta nelle neoplasie del cavo orale: infatti i carcinomi linguali sono il 30 per cento circa di tutti i carcinomi orali.
Il tumore del  cavo orale  è più frequente in persone che fumano tabacco e consumano alcolici; the coexistence of these two habits increases the risk of developing oral cancer.

In recent years there has been a progressive reduction of incidence of alcohol and tobacco related oral cancer, especially in males, while in females, but has also increased.


Who is at risk
For all oral cancer the main risk factors are cigarette smoke, the and alcohol consumption any condition trauma of the inner surface of the mouth .

Other causes may be favoring poor oral hygiene, chewing tobacco , incorrect positioning of dentures.

As for the lip cancer , is a possible risk factor for the ' sun exposure.

tumors of the mouth and oral cavity is usually hit from 40 years upwards.


Types
Over 90 percent of cancers of the mouth squamous epithelial cells originating from .


Symptoms
The mean age at diagnosis of oral cancer is 64 years and 95 percent occurs after age 40.
should consult your doctor if you notice persistent swelling in the lip, mouth or gums, a wound that does not heal or pain \\ burning in the mouth.
Another sign to note is when you have pain and difficulty in making dentures.


Prevention
According to available data, no recommendations can be made for or against the routine screening for oral cancer for individuals who have no symptoms.
is valid for all the advice to adopt a healthy lifestyle, do not smoke, use tobacco in any form or limit alcohol.

In particular, it is important not to underestimate any lesions of the mouth only because small painless nodules or induration of the mucosa, small ulcers, white patches or red or reddish-white especially if bleeding growths. Another warning signal can be given in case you accidentally impediments to proper chewing.

Physicians should pay particular attention to precancerous lesions and any sign or symptom of oral cancer in all individuals who use tobacco (cigarettes, pipe, cigar) or taking alcohol regularly.
We recommend the 'examination of the oral cavity performed by a doctor or a dentist for all of the persons older than 60 years having risk factors for oral cancer.


Diagnosis mouth cancer if recognized early can be successfully treated with high cure rates. The diagnostic delays in general depend on an underestimation of symptoms often caused by insufficient knowledge of this tumor. Mouth cancer is in fact often confused with other diseases more often (dental abscess, benign tumors), but less severe or unreasonable fear.

The main tests for detection of cancers of the oral cavity, in the absence of symptoms, are the ' inspection and palpation the floor mouth and tongue . Each

suspected lesion of the mucosa must undergo biopsy with the removal of a small piece of tissue.


Evolution
As with most cancers, the cure depends on the general health, from home and spread to the lymph nodes regional or to other parts of the body. The available data
It was established that at the time of diagnosis, more than half of oral cancer have already spread into nearby homes.

Overall, the average survival five years after diagnosis is 50 percent, fluctuating between 80-90 percent of patients with tumors confined to the place of occurrence and 19 percent of patients with tumors metastases.


How is
The oral cancer can be cured with 'tumor surgical removal of lymph nodes circostanti  o con la  brachiterapia , un tipo particolare di radioterapia.


Qualora l’asportazione sia molto ampia oggi si procede a ricostruzioni sofisticate anche con autotrapianti di pelle, muscolo o di osso. In ogni caso è utile una rieducazione alla fonazione e alla deglutizione coordinata da specialisti logopedisti.

Radioterapia  e  chemioterapia  sono in genere usate come adiuvanti nel  post operatorio dei tumori avanzati  e meno frequentemente in alternativa alla chirurgia.

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